NILLES is head of the steelmaking department, Centre National de Recherches MCtallurgiques, Liege, Belgium. LEDUNE is chief engineer, steel plant and rolling mill, Forges de la Providence, Marchienne, Belgium. 1-The LD-Kaldo steel plant: 1) raw materials receiving hoppers 2) lime bay 3) LD fume cleaning 4) weighing hoppers 5) lime powder dispenser 6) main control pulpit 7) Kaldo fume cleaning 8) storage bunkers 9) weighing hoppers 10) Kaldo lances 11) scrap transfer car 12) laboratory 13) scrap yard. Everything has been arranged, figures in this report are in metric units. 1 shows a vertical section " through the new oxygen steelmaking shop. 35 tons* all converters are in line and depend upon the same charging and tapping facilities. A It is located between the five Bessemer converters and the mixers, The LD-Kaldo vessel has the same capacity - as the Bessemer converters, e.g. This report describes the principal features of the new LD-Kaldo steel- plant and the results obtained since its start in March THE LD-KALDO STEELPLANT AT LES FORGES DE LA PROVIDENCE The LD-Kaldo converter has been installed in an existing basic Bessemer - ~lant. This group is also supported by Brassert Oxygen Technik and arrangements have been made with BOT and Stora Kopparbergs Berslags Aktiebolag for the use and licensing of the new process for which patents are issued or pending in several countries, including the United States. Resides Forges de la Providence and Centre National de Recherches Mktallurgiques (CNRM), the research group, which has been founded for this process, also comprises six German steelmaking companies headed by Mannesmann AG. Special technical solutions have been adopted for the self and for the gas cleaning equipment in order to reduce the supplementary investment costs to a minimum. To take advantage of both the LD and the Kaldo processes, the Forges de la Providence decided to install a vessel which is able to refine steel as well in a fixed and vertical position as in a rotative and inclined position. Concerning the Kaldo process, it is no longer necessary to stress its high scrap consumption and its excellent yield. For this reason, the possibility of rotating the vessel after the blow would be appreciated by many an LD-steelmaker. The rotation of the vessel provides an excellent mixing of the metal and the slag and favors the metallurgical control of the steelmaking operations. However, nobody can deny that a rotating vessel is a most interesting metallurgical tool. The higher refractory costs and the less simple equipment may explain this fact. The Kaldo process which was born almost at the same time as the LD process, has not had, untll now, an equivalent development. Nilles The fast expansion of the LD and LD-AC processes throughout the world proves unquestionably the economical and metallurgical value of these processes. 1 88 Open Hearth Proceedings, 1966 The LD-Kaldo Process by J.
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